Functions & Function Notation Core Concepts f(x) = output when input is x Domain: all valid inputs Range: all possible outputs Transformations f(x) + k → shift up k f(x) - k → shift down k f(x + h) → shift left h f(x - h) → shift right h -f(x) → reflect over x-axis f(-x) → reflect over y-axis Composition (f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x)) Work inside out: evaluate g(x) first, then apply f SAT Applications Evaluate f(3) given a formula or table Find f(g(x)) or g(f(x)) Interpret function notation in word problems Identify domain restrictions (no division by zero, no negative under even root)